[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/proc-nekteri-ptaci-neletaji\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/proc-nekteri-ptaci-neletaji\/","headline":"Pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci nel\u00e9taj\u00ed","name":"Pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci nel\u00e9taj\u00ed","description":"Lid\u00e9 ji\u017e od prad\u00e1vna obdivovali pt\u00e1ky pro jejich schopnost letu. A je pravdou, \u017ee se … ","datePublished":"2023-02-28","dateModified":"2023-09-13","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9994033610bfa8d5c75e7c2dd1b5bdd54900f4ed2e7e5c6722d4887246e31af4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"sciap.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ptak1_1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/ptak1_1.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/proc-nekteri-ptaci-neletaji\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":457,"articleBody":"Lid\u00e9 ji\u017e od prad\u00e1vna obdivovali pt\u00e1ky pro jejich schopnost letu. A je pravdou, \u017ee se nenajde prakticky nikdo, kdo by o ni nest\u00e1l. Koneckonc\u016f, jedn\u00e1 se o pom\u011brn\u011b velkou v\u00fdhodu \u2013 l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje mnohem snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohyb i na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a tak\u00e9 snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob \u00faniku p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b lov ko\u0159isti.\u00a0Ov\u0161em navzdory tomu existuj\u00ed i pt\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed, a\u010dkoliv maj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla, l\u00e9tat nedok\u00e1\u017eou. Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159e pat\u0159\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci a p\u0161trosovit\u00ed pt\u00e1ci. Za\u0159adit bychom sem mohli i kura dom\u00e1c\u00edho, a\u010dkoliv i slepice jsou schopny letu na velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti.\u00a0\u00a0Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 se pod\u00edvat, pro\u010d se u t\u011bchto druh\u016f schopnost l\u00e9tat vytratila, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se u nich nikdy nerozvinula. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to souvis\u00ed s\u00a0adaptac\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0preferovan\u00e9 strav\u011b.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci se \u017eiv\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rybami. Ty samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017eij\u00ed ve vod\u011b, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tedy pe\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je ochr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed prochladnut\u00edm, podobn\u00e9 jako maj\u00ed jin\u00ed vodn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny z\u00a0nich tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0nehostinn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed Antarktidy, s\u00a0jej\u00edmi siln\u00fdmi v\u011btry a mrazy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jen samotn\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed, aby je dostate\u010dn\u011b zah\u0159\u00e1lo.\u00a0\u00a0Proto maj\u00ed i pom\u011brn\u011b silnou vrstvu tuku, podobn\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad mro\u017ei \u010di tuleni. Ov\u0161em je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm jsou t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bude l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed. A to je i pro nejl\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka energeticky velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu se nam\u00edsto l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dali specializovat na plav\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 k\u0159\u00eddla se stala podobn\u00fdmi ploutv\u00edm, t\u011blo z\u00edskalo tvar vhodn\u00fd pro pohyb ve vod\u011b.\u00a0Dobr\u00e1, ale co p\u0161trosi? U nich prob\u011bhla pon\u011bkud jin\u00e1 specializace. Tito se nam\u00edsto l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed specializovali na rychl\u00fd b\u011bh. To jim k\u00a0\u017eivotu na rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch travnat\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch, co\u017e je jejich p\u0159irozen\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, naprosto sta\u010d\u00ed. Siln\u00e9 nohy pak mohou snadno pou\u017e\u00edt i k\u00a0obran\u011b. Zakrn\u011bl\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla slou\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e pouze ke stabilizaci p\u0159i b\u011bhu, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch sm\u011bru, podobn\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ocas u geparda.\u00a0Je tedy jasn\u00e9, \u017ee l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed, a\u010d nesporn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, nen\u00ed nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro v\u0161echny podm\u00ednky. I nel\u00e9tav\u00ed pt\u00e1ci tedy maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, a je dobr\u00e9 je respektovat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (11 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pt\u00e1ci nel\u00e9taj\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.sciap.cz\/proc-nekteri-ptaci-neletaji\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]